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中国最早青铜礼器:爵
作者:管理员    发布于:2015-08-19 09:44:42    文字:【】【】【
摘要:青铜爵,饮酒器,也是最早出现的青铜器。《说文·鬯部》:“爵,礼器也,象爵之形,中有鬯酒。又,持之也,所以饮器象爵者,取其鸣节节足足也。”

    青铜爵,饮酒器,也是最早出现的青铜器。《说文·鬯部》:“爵,礼器也,象爵之形,中有鬯酒。又,持之也,所以饮器象爵者,取其鸣节节足足也。”


    Bronze Jue, drinking, is the earliest bronze. "Said a ministry": "prince, also like the grand ritual, shape, there is a wine. Again, to also, so drink like jazz, the Ming is also good."


    爵的一般形状为圆腹,前有倾酒的流,后有可均衡流重量的尾,旁有鋬,上有二柱,下有三高足。也有的爵腹作方形,少数爵为单柱或无柱。


    The general shape of the grand round belly, pour the wine flow, after a balanced flow weight tail, next to the handle, on the second column, three students. Some jazz for abdominal square, few grand for a single column or column free.


    二里头发现四件铜爵,特征是壁薄体轻,流尾较长,束腰平底,横截面及底呈桃核形,三足较细且向外撇,鋬上多有长条形或三角形镂空。有的铜爵的流与口间有二短柱。


    Second hair four pieces of copper Jue is characterized in that the wall is thin and light body, long tail flow, waist and bottom, the cross section and the bottom is peach shaped, three foot is fine and write out, handle many rectangular or triangular hollow. Some copper Cup flow and mouth between two short columns.


    商代早期爵作扁体平底,窄长流,口间立二矮柱,三锥状足支点似不稳定,底下外壁有人形的范线与三足相连,腰较二里头文化的铜爵略粗,口沿保持稍加厚的作风。


    Prince of the early Shang Dynasty as flat flat, narrow flows, mouth between two short column, three cone shaped pivot like instability, under the outer wall of a humanoid van lines and three connected enough, waist is copper Jue Erlitou culture slightly rough, along keep slightly thickened style.


    商代中期爵的双柱已增高,柱顶变为菌状,还出现了独柱爵,爵身逐渐增高,且由平底渐变为圆底。


    Mid Shang Dynasty Prince of double column has been increased, and the top of the column variable like bacteria, also appeared in a single column grand, grand gradually increased, and the flat bottomed gradually round bottom.


    商代晚期爵的早段特征为流较平,双菌形柱,也有单伞柱者,平底,三足较高,带状鋬。晚段爵流窄长,卵形底,方腹四足的方形爵出现。


    The early period of the late Shang dynasty grand characteristic flow flat, double mushroom column, there are single umbrella column, flat bottom, three feet high, with handle. The late period of the long and narrow stream jazz, oval bottom, square grand square abdomen appears four.


    这时的爵分平底和圆底两种:平底爵流尾较高,柱钮呈伞形或菌形,直腹较浅,兽头鋬,腹部有扉棱;圆底爵长流短尾,菌形或伞形柱,兽头鋬,三足较高。


    When the Duke of flat and round bottom two: flat Jue wake is higher, the button column was umbellate or mushroom, straight abdominal shallow, animal head handle, abdominal Fei edge; round bottom Jue long short tail, bacteria or umbrella shaped column, animal head handle, three feet higher.


    西周早期爵,早期均为卵形腹,流窄而长,前端高于后端。此期后段,爵鋬由扁平变为圆浑。平底浅腹式爵已消失。


    The early Western Zhou Jue, early are oval abdomen, narrow and long flow, the front end is higher than the back end. This period, from flat to round cup handle. Flat belly Prince has disappeared.

 

 

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